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Ethel Furman
Ethel Bailey Furman neé Ethel Madison Bailey (July 6, 1893–February 24, 1976)〔 was an American architect who was the earliest known African-American female architect in Virginia.〔(Dreck Spurlock Wilson (ed.), ''African-American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945'' ), Routledge, 2004, p. 222.〕〔(Selden Richardson, Maurice Duke (ed.), ''Built by Blacks: African American Architecture and Neighborhoods in Richmond'' ), Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2008, p. 92.〕
==Biography==
Ethel Madison Bailey〔 was born in Richmond, Virginia. She was the daughter of Margaret M. Jones Bailey and Madison J. Bailey.〔
She married William H. Carter on October 12, 1912, in New Jersey, and they had two children.〔 Having divorced Carter by 1918, she married Joseph D. Furman.〔
After training in New York City, she returned to Richmond in 1921 and began designing houses for locals. Furman worked with her father, and also raised three children. During this time she worked other jobs to supplement income to raise her family. As an African-American woman she experienced discrimination in the architecture community, as local bureaucrats refused to accept her as the architect of record on her own projects. Consequently, she would often have to submit her job proposals through male contractors with whom she worked.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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